Eating a healthy and varied diet is an important factor in supporting the maintenance of mental health. Many nutrients, including vitamins and minerals, are essential for proper brain function and a lack of them can contribute to impaired mental function. For workers who are exposed to excessive mental stress during work activities a balanced diet is particularly important to maintain cognitive performance, increase resistance to stress and maintain good overall psychophysical performance. A review was conducted to find scientific papers dedicated to studying the impact of nutrition on mental fitness. The review included papers published 2012–2025. As a result of the literature analysis, selected nutrients that play an important role in the proper functioning of the nervous system were listed. The role each component plays in the body and the consequences of deficiencies were discussed. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2025;76(6)